Sports Culture

Feelings of guilt and its relationship to the psychological and cognitive orientation of wrestling players in Iraq

Hamid Ahmed Ibrahim Al-Azawi , Abdulwadood Ahmed Khattab Al-Zubaydi — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to:

- Building scales of feelings of guilt and psychological cognitive attitudes for wrestling sports club players.

- Identifying the feeling of guilt and the psychological-cognitive orientation of young players in Wrestling .

- Identifying the relationship between feelings of guilt and the psychological-cognitive attitude of young Wrestling players.

The researchers hypothesized:

- There is a significant correlation between the feeling of guilt and the psychological-cognitive attitude of young Wrestling players.

The two researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research community included young players in wrestling for the sports season (2021-2022), with a total of (228) players representing (10) clubs. Research procedures were implemented on them, and the construction sample for the two scales reached (165). ) players representing a percentage of (77.6%), and (10) players representing the Turkmen Club were excluded because of their participation in the exploratory experiment, and (2) players’ forms were neglected because they did not meet the conditions for a correct answer. The two researchers used a questionnaire form as a research tool that was addressed to a number of experts and specialists in the field of sports, educational and psychological sciences for the purpose of stating their opinions on the validity of the two scales of feelings of guilt and cognitive psychological attitude. The two researchers used statistical methods, including (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), standard error, Spearman-Brown equation The two researchers concluded the following:

The effectiveness of the scales of feelings of guilt and cognitive psychological attitude. The two researchers built them through scientific procedures followed in scientific research.

The effect of the REACT strategy on the enjoyment of learning and the accuracy of performing some volleyball skills for students

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to prepare a measure of the enjoyment of learning with volleyball for students, as well as to identify the effect of the REACT strategy on the enjoyment of learning and the accuracy of performing some volleyball skills for students. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups, and the research sample consisted of fourth-year students in the College of Physical Education. and Mathematical Sciences - University of Babylon, with a number of (30) students. The sample was divided equally into two groups, one of which was experimental and followed the REACT strategy, and the other was a control group that adopted the method followed. The learning enjoyment scale consisting of (18) items was adopted, in addition to the researchers adopting the appropriate skill tests for the sample. Search, With the use of appropriate means and tools, and in light of the results that were statistically processed, several conclusions were drawn, the most important of which are: The preparation of a measure of volleyball learning resilience for students was reached, in addition to the REACT strategy having a positive and effective role in increasing the enjoyment of learning and the accuracy of performing some volleyball skills. For students, in light of this, it was recommended to adopt the REACT strategy in the educational units for volleyball due to its importance in increasing the enjoyment of learning and motivation among students, with the need to diversify the learning strategies used in learning and training volleyball skills

The impact of balance exercises supported by ball-based tools on developing handling skills and motor coordination for young soccer players.

Ibrahim Nayef Mohammed , Mohammed Dhayea Mohammed — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to: Develop balance exercises supported by the ball using assistive tools to investigate the impact of ball-supported balance exercises with the use of assistive tools in enhancing the skill of heading for pre and post-tests for both control and experimental groups. To identify differences in the post-test results between the control and experimental groups in developing the skill of heading the ball with the head. The researcher assumed the presence of statistically significant differences in the pre and post-tests for individuals in the control and experimental groups. The researcher also assumed the presence of statistically significant differences in the post-tests between the control and experimental groups.

The results obtained by the researchers were presented, analyzed, and discussed, showing the superiority of the post-tests over the pre-tests, indicating the achievement of the research hypothesis. The researchers concluded that there is a positive effect of ball-supported balance exercises using assistive tools in developing the skill of heading for young football players.

The effect of motor coordination exercises on the level of defensive skill performance in handball among third-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Wisam Mahdi Saleh, Hammodi Issam Numan , Naktal Muzahim Khaleel — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims:

- Preparing motor coordination exercises and their effect on the level of defensive skill performance in handball among third-year female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences/Tikrit University.

The researchers used the experimental method with the design of the experimental and control groups with pre- and post-tests for its suitability and the nature of the current research. The research population consisted of female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / Tikrit University for the academic year 2022/2023. As for the research sample, it was chosen intentionally, and they were female students of the first stage. The third is in the College of Physical Education / Tikrit University, and their number is (38) female students. (8) female students were excluded due to their lack of commitment to the exercises, so that the sample number was (30) female students. They were divided into two groups and each group included (15) female students.

The researchers used the statistical program (SPSS) to process the data. ‏

The researchers concluded that motor coordination exercises have a clear effect on defensive movements on the 6m line

The researchers recommended conducting research and studies on other skills and attributes on male and female students or players

The effect of repetitive training on a number of specific physical and functional variables for fencing players

Ammar Abdulwadood Ahmed , Abdullah Mohammed Tayawi — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to do the following:

1- Detecting the effect of repetitive training on a number of physical and functional variables for fencing players.

2- Identify the differences between the pre- and post-tests in physical and functional variables.

The experimental method was used due to its suitability to the nature of the research, and the research sample consisted of 18 players from the Diyala Fencing Club. The experimental program was applied in repetitive training for 8 weeks at a rate of two units per week. The researchers used the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, t-test for related samples, and percentage of development as statistical means.

1- The researchers concluded that there are significant differences in all functional variables subject to the research (heart rate, respiratory rate, maximum oxygen consumption).

Effect of using the two style of exercise (fixed - changeable) in some physical abilities and the performance of the free swimming and achievement (25 m) for students

Mohib Hamid Rija , Sarmed Ahmed MUsa — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

aim of the research is to:

1- Knowing the effect of using the fixed and changeable methods in some physical abilities and teaching the performance of free swimming and achievement (25 m) for students.

2- Knowing the differences between the effect of using the fixed and changeable methods in some physical abilities and teaching the performance of free swimming and achievement (25 m) for students..

The researcher concluded the following: The fixed and changeable methods have a positive effect in some physical abilities and teaching the performance of free swimming and achievement (25 meters) for students. The changeable exercise method is better than the static exercise method in some of the physical abilities and performance of free swimming and achievement (25 meters) for students

Self-awareness and its relationship to sports frustration tolerance in football players

Jassim Abbas ALi , Muayad Abdulrazzaq Hiso, Reem Abdulkareem Shwet — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to identify the level of self-awareness and sports frustration tolerance among players of football clubs in Nineveh Governorate, and to investigate the relationship between self-awareness and sports frustration tolerance among these players. A descriptive approach with the survey method was used. The research sample consisted of 183 football players from the second-tier clubs in Nineveh Governorate who participated in the activities of the Football Association for the 2023 season. Data were collected using the self-awareness scale developed by Al-Zubaidi (2020) and the sports frustration tolerance scale developed by Younis et al. (2023).The results of the study showed that football players from the second tier have a good level of self-awareness and sports frustration tolerance. There was a positive and significant relationship between self-awareness and sports frustration tolerance among these players. The study concluded with the following recommendations: To emphasize the development of self-awareness and sports frustration tolerance among football players.

To emphasize the development of positive coping with sports frustration among football players.

To conduct similar studies that take into account other sports and different age groups.

The effect of using special exercises in learning the handling skill and transferring its effect to the shooting skill of handball players aged (12-14) years

Ahmed Kahtan Najim, Nazar Nadhim Hameed — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

research aims :

1- Knowing the effect of using exercises in learning the skill of handling handball.

2- Knowing the differences between the effect of using exercises according to the fixed and variable method in learning the skill of handling handball.

3- Knowing the effect of using exercises according to the fixed and variable method in transferring the effect of learning from the handling skill to the shooting skill among members of the research sample, and which is better in transferring the effect of learning from the handling skill to the shooting skill.

A comparative study for functional response of the respiratory system according to the energy systems of tennis players

Basil Abdulsattar Ahmed , Alaa Khalaf Haider , Iqbal Ammar Lafta — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

In the introduction the researchers touched on the progress made in the athletic level and the importance of practicing sports, due to the great role in achieving the desired goal in relation to the general health of the individual and society, or what is related to the sport of high achievement, which is a reflection of the changes and functional responses that occur in the internal organs of the body. The research aims to know the functional response of the respiratory system and compare it with the training units according to the energy systems of the tennis players, the researchers used the descriptive approach, the sample consisted of (12) players, team of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Diyala, they were divided into (3) groups, The researchers concluded that there is a discrepancy between the three groups in the functional response according to the energy systems.

The effect of the rapid learning method on sensory-motor perception and soccer scoring for middle school students

Ismail Abd Zaid Ashur — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research is to prepare educational units according to the accelerated learning method to develop perception, kinesthetic awareness and scoring in football for middle school students in football. The researcher used the experimental method because this method is characterized by the accuracy of its results compared to other results in terms of (honesty, consistency and objectivity). The researcher followed an individual group design with two pre- and post-tests, that is, measuring one group before and after the experiment. The researcher used scientific tests for motor perception and scoring in soccer. The experiment was conducted for 8 weeks, 3 units per week, and the time of the educational unit was (45 minutes). The researcher used the statistical bag for science. Social results were reached after which conclusions were reached, the most important of which is that rapid exercises have a positive effect in developing some components of kinesthetic perception. The recommendations came to adopting accelerated learning within the teaching curricula designated for middle school football students.

Psychosocial factors and their relationship to athletic excellence among advanced basketball players

Khaled Thamir Ahmed , Abdulwadood Ahmed Khattab Al-Zubaidi — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to:

- Building scales of feelings of guilt and psychological cognitive attitudes for wrestling sports club players.

- Identifying the relationship between psychological and social factors and the athletic excellence of basketball players.

The researchers used the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational relationships for its suitability and the nature of the research. The research community included basketball in Iraq for the Premier League for the sports season (2022-2023), with (176) players representing (11) clubs. Research procedures were implemented on them, and the construction sample reached For the two scales, there were (123) players representing (70%), and (10) players were excluded because they participated in the exploratory experiment, and (4) players’ forms were neglected because they did not meet the conditions for a correct answer. The researchers used a questionnaire form as a research tool that was addressed to a number of experts and specialists in the field of sports, educational and psychological sciences for the purpose of stating their opinions on the validity of the two measures of psychosocial factors and athletic excellence of basketball players. The researchers used statistical methods, including (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, Simple correlation coefficient (Pearson), standard error, Spearman-Brown equation

Accelerated learning techniques and their impact on developing students’ badminton cognitive achievement

Mushtaq Talib Auda Mihsin, Zahraa Ali Hussein Dakhil , Wisam Salah Abdul Hussein — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Accelerated learning methods (accelerating learning) are one of the most important practical revolutions in the field of education, as this type is classified as a type of social learning based on interdependence, cooperation, games, and cooperative practices, far from traditional learning methods that do not allow the learner to express his opinion and ideas, and a condition for the success of this type is It is part of learning to have an environment rich in diverse practices and experiences so that every learner can expand his horizons, discover his inner abilities, and learn assignments with great ease and speed. Through the presence of researchers in the educational process and their teaching to students, they noticed that most students have difficulty memorizing the details of badminton and their lack of mastery of the educational and legal cases despite their teaching of this sport and it being a subject taught in the third stage. Therefore, the researchers wanted to find an educational model that keeps pace with cognitive development, is consistent with the characteristics of the human brain, and allows the use of technology and means of interaction that would influence the learner and deliver information in an easy and interesting way.

The Effect of Applying The Virtual Classroom to The Mobile Education Technology in The Skill And Knowledge able Achievement of Some on Floor exercise Skills in gymnastics

Afrah Dhanoon Yunus , Jeelan Khadar Farman — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to:

- Revealing the effect of the application of the virtual classroom in mobile education technology in the skill collection of some basic ground skills in gymnastics.

To investigate the research objectives, the researcher assumed the following:

- There are significant differences among the students of the experimental groups (which used the default grade of mobile learning technology) and the control (which used the usual method) in the performance of some basic ground skills in the gymnastics in the post-test for the benefit of the experimental group. The researcher designed the Google Classroom website through Google Apps. Then, The researcher invited the professor to communicate with his students in the virtual classroom as well as supervising the follow-up of the implementation of the experiment in the field (classroom professor). The researcher used the experimental method because it suits the research.

The effect of the physical education lesson site on some physical and mental variables and the educational achievement of some theoretical subjects

Ammar Mohammed Khaleel , Saffa Dhanoon Ismail, Ashwaq Haleem Jameel — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to: Detecting statistical differences in the educational achievement of some subjects and some physical and mental variables for the impact of the physical education lesson site in the first lessons of the first group and identifying the statistical differences in the educational achievement of some subjects for the impact of the physical education lesson site in the last lesson of the second group and identifying the statistical differences in the educational achievement of some subjects between the first and second groups The researchers assumed that there are statistically significant differences in the educational achievement of some subjects for the impact of the physical education lesson site in the first lessons and the physical and mental variables between the pre- and post-tests and in favor of the post-test, the existence of statistically significant differences in the educational achievement of some subjects for the impact of the physical education lesson site in the last lessons between the pre- and post-grades and in favor of the post-grades, the existence of statistically significant differences in the scientific achievement of some subjects for the impact of the physical education lesson site In the first and last lessons in Between the dimensional grades and for the benefit of the physical education lesson site at the beginning of the lessons.

The effect of specialized exercises using the general design model (A.D.D.I.E) on learning simple and complex attacks in foil weapons for students

Doaa Fawzi Mohammed , Nuha Yusuf Hashim, Mahmoad Nasir Radhi, Ashwaq Auda Kadhim — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to: identify the effect of specialized exercises using the general design model (A.D.D.I.E) in learning simple and complex attacks in foil weapons for students. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two groups with pre- and post-tests, and the research population was determined by the students of the third stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Kufa, for the academic year 2022-2023, who numbered (58) students, and a sample of them was chosen by a simple random method of (28). Students, and they were divided into two samples: the first was the exploratory sample, with a number of (8) students, and the second was the application sample, with a number of (20) students. The sample was divided equally into two experimental and control groups. After completing the unit vocabulary, the researchers conducted post-tests, then they collected data and it was processed statistically with the program ( spss). As for the most important conclusions, they are: The specialized exercises prepared by the researchers according to the general design model (A.D.D.I.E) helped greatly in learning and mastering the simple and complex attack in foil weapons for the students , and the members of the experimental group that used the specialized general design model (A.D.D.I.E) excelled in learning the simple attack. The composite was applied to members of the control group in the post-tests.

Organizational flexibility and its relationship to organizational attractiveness in youth and sports forums from the point of view of its administrative and training staff

Ahmed Najim Abdullah, Khaled Mahmoad Ra'uaf, Ma'moon Fuad Da'doosh — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to prepare and adapt two measures of organizational flexibility and organizational attractiveness for the administrations of youth and sports forums in Saladin Governorate from the point of view of their administrative and training staff, and to identify the level of dimensions of organizational flexibility and organizational attractiveness among the administrations of youth and sports forums in Saladin Governorate from the point of view of their administrative and training staff, as well as to identify On the role of organizational flexibility in organizational attractiveness in youth and sports forums in Salah al-Din Governorate from the point of view of its administrative and training staff The researchers used the descriptive approach (survey and correlational methods), and the research community consisted of administrative and training staff working in youth and sports forums in Salah al-Din Governorate, which numbered (14) forums distributed throughout the governorate, and the number of these staff reached (243) employees. Therefore, the number of the sample was (180) employees, representing (79.83%) of the research population.

The impact of skill exercises incorporated into the combined training method in the development of special physical abilities and Endurance performance tolerance for futsal players

Liza Rostum Jacob, Iqbal Abdul Hussein Nama, Huda Badawi Shibeeb — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Physical requirements are an important priority for the development of football gymnastics coaches because the nature of performance is interconnected and interconnected in terms of the player's duties in the match. In the gameplay situations, the player must perform the skill with strength and speed coupled with accuracy and the reactions of the colleague and competitor alike, which represents the normal reality of the football gymnasium Skilled exercises are one of the most suitable technical side exercises as they are built according to the components of the skill requirements of the game and the nature of its performance, which appear on the ground in the form of motor sentences represented by the series of skilled performance, So integration in the physical and skill aspects is one of the most important qualities of the player and the successful team that achieves achievements The preparation of trainings by integrating the two sides together provides an ideal training environment to meet the actual performance requirements and integrates the player's physical and skill requirements.

Effect training in maximum resistance on mechanomyograms and muscle contraction properties for weightlifters

Haider Azeez Jabbar , Mohammed Jafar Majeed , Safa Abdul Wahab Ismail — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Strength training is of great interest to trainers working in the field of physical development, particularly in relation to specific physical abilities such as throwing, weightlifting, wrestling, and gymnastics. Muscle strength is the fundamental source of all movement and is essential for the development of various derived abilities such as agility, balance, and even basic physical characteristics. Strength training has multiple implications for muscle tissue adaptations and its resulting state and functional behavior, which reflect the extent of the tissue's response to training. At times, studying the tissue's reactions can be considered vital indicators of the cumulative effects of specific training on muscle tissue.

The focus on studying muscles as a result of being under the influence of different resistance exercises can provide a clear understanding of the adaptation occurring in this tissue and the objective benefits achieved through training in shorter periods and with less effort. The effects of strength training on the ratio of relaxation time to deformation time, characterizing creep (Deborah number) in muscles, is an area that requires further investigation to elucidate the specific impact of strength training on the viscoelastic properties of muscle tissue. Additional research in this area may provide a deeper understanding of the relationship between strength training and the Deborah number in muscles.

The effect of the micro-teaching method in learning the skills of handling from above and below in volleyball

Ghaith Mohammed Kareem , Ali Ahmed Mohammed Saleh, Uhmayed Hameed Iliwe — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The problem of the research was determined by the fact that there are appropriate methods that were not used in teaching that lead to learning, development and mastery of the learner’s motor skills, focus on his effort, inspire desire, satisfy his psychological and physical needs and inclinations, push him to knowledge and increase information, and achieve a number of educational objectives. As for the objectives of the research, the preparation of educational units using the teaching method The mini-method in learning the skills of handling from above and below the ball. As for the research methodology and field procedures, the researchers used the experimental method to suit it to the nature of the problem. The research was conducted on a sample of students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Kufa / second stage. Choosing tests for the accuracy of the technical performance of two recording skills The research was carried out by specialists, then the researchers sought to prepare educational units, and the variables were controlled during the experiment, and the researchers obtained a number of conclusions from this research, the most important of which was the positive impact on the success and suitability of the mini-teaching method from the results of the post-tests, with the superiority of the experimental group.

The level of social phobia among female students of the College and Departments of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul

Ghaida Salim Azeez , Aya Auda, Zahraa Yahia — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to make a simple diagnosis of bone division by) X-RAY (and mechanically through the pressure variables of the device (FOOT SCAN) preparing rehabilitation exercises for athletes with ankle sprains, as the researcher used the experimental method by designing one group with a pre-and post-test. The research sample was chosen intentionally, as the research sample consisted of players with sprained ankle joints, numbering (6) players. The components of the rehabilitation curriculum were applied, which lasted over a period of two months and eight weeks, with three rehabilitation units per week. With a total of (24) qualification units, the researcher arrived at a set of results, which are as follows:

1- Paying attention to the principle of diversification in rehabilitation exercises and the tools and methods used to avoid boredom among athletes.

2- Ensure complete recovery from the injury before returning to training to avoid recurrent injury

3-Follow up on the injured person by the therapist and a specialist rehabilitation while performing rehabilitation exercises do not let the injured person perform the exercises alone.

The effect of high-intensity repetitive exercises on developing cardio respiratory fitness and epee stabbing accuracy for fencers under the age of 17 years

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The study aimed to determine the effect of high-intensity repetitive exercises on developing cardiorespiratory fitness and the accuracy of epee stabbing for fencers aged under 17 years. The experimental approach was used for the two groups, with a pre-test and a post-test, for its suitability to the study. The research population was determined by the players of the Karbala national team for the 2022-2023 training season, under the age of 17 years, as their number reached (16) fencers. They were divided into two groups by random method, a control group and an experimental group with (8) fencers. For each group, the exercises prepared by the researchers were applied to the experimental research sample at a rate of three training units per week, at a time ranging between 30-40 minutes, for a period of (8) weeks, and at a rate of (3) days per week. The high-intensity interval training method was used, and the intensity used ranged. From (80-90%) of the fencer’s maximum intensity. The most important conclusions were reached that the high-intensity repetitive exercises prepared by the researchers had a positive effect on the development of cardiorespiratory fitness and the accuracy of epee stabbing for fencers.

The Effect of Using Motor Stories on Improving Some Physical and Motor Abilities among Slow learning Pupils

Bushra Kadhim Al-Hamash — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The motor stories are considered one of the best methods and means that has been used for the purpose of teaching slow learning pupils. However, it is regarded as the key aspect of movement and playing. Therefore, they are multifaceted where children perform alone or together with their peers. These stories are called motor stories because they are simple in terms of rules, and established conditions. They are played on small spaces and limited playgrounds where children from both sexes play together. They are marked by fun, pleasure, entertainment and competition. Thus, children may acquire through performing motor stories physical fitness and personal skills. The aim of this research paper was to identify the effect of using motor stories for the purpose of improving some of the physical and motor abilities among slow learning pupils. It was hypothesized that there was no statistically significant differences between the pre-and post- tests among the research sample except in some of physical and motor abilities among slow learning pupils. The researcher applied the educational units of motor stories and she carried out (8) educational units by virtue of (2) units per week on 3/3/2022 up till 28/3/2022 according to the timetable of classes including (Sunday-Thursday) each week. After carrying out the educational programme the researcher carried out the following concluding points:

The curriculum of small games of motor stories prepared by the researcher improved the physical and motor abilities of slow learning pupils and this highlighted the importance of curricula through applying games and sport activities among slow learning pupils. The researcher recommended that slow learning pupil should be treated kindly and should be evolved to provide them with motor skills and physical attributes which help achieve the physical growth and sound mind.

Using rope jumping exercises and its effect on some physical abilities and physiological indicators among the deaf group

Suzen Khalifa Judi, Afaq Al-Shihawe Mamluk, Alaa Khalaf Haider — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Rope jumping exercises are one of the good forms of physical exercise that can achieve many benefits in terms of cardiovascular health, motor ability, and physical fitness. In addition, these exercises are considered recreational activities that have a thrill factor, and the deaf group is one of the groups that needs recreational programs. To instill a spirit of excitement in order to improve some physical abilities and to know the physiological indicators among the deaf group. The most important conclusions were that the rope jumping exercise program showed an improvement in the physical abilities and (VO2Max) of the research sample.

In light of the results reached by the researchers, the following:

• The need for those involved in the training process to pay attention to using the jump rope exercise to improve the efficiency of the respiratory system.

The effect of using an educational method in learning a number of basic skills in table tennis among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Mosul

Mohammed Abdul Gani Sultan, Sabhan Mhamoad Al-Zuhairi — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to reveal the effect of using the fixed ball in learning the skill of the forehand and backhand shots in table tennis. The researchers assume that there are no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in the use of the fixed ball in learning the skill of the forehand and backhand shots. The researchers used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research. The research sample was deliberately selected from two sections (A-B), which represents the female student group as it is taught by one teacher. The researchers selected the control and experimental groups randomly by drawing lots, so section (B) represented The control group has (30) students, and Section (A) represents the experimental group with (34) students, so the total sample is (64) students.

The Impact of Muscle Fatigue on Some Physical Attributes and Basic Skills in Futsal Football Among Players from Zakho University's National Team

Safad Mudhafar Mohammed , Mahir Mahmoad Ameen — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of muscle fatigue on certain physical attributes and basic skills in futsal football among players from Zakho University's national team. The researcher hypothesized significant differences in physical attributes between the pre-test and post-test regarding the influence of muscle fatigue in futsal football among Zakho University's national team players. Additionally, the researcher hypothesized significant differences in basic skills between the pre-test and post-test with respect to the impact of muscle fatigue in futsal football among Zakho University's national team players. The research population consisted of 12 futsal football players from Zakho University's national team, and a purposive sample of 10 players was selected, excluding goalkeepers (2( players.

The researcher concluded that there were differences in physical attributes and the impact of muscle fatigue in futsal football among Zakho University's national team players. Furthermore, differences were found in scoring and the influence of muscle fatigue in futsal football among Zakho University's national team players. The researcher recommended emphasizing anaerobic capacities (phosphagen and lactate systems) in training curricula developed by coaches and underlining the importance of physical fitness for players when preparing training programs.

The effect of rehabilitation exercises for people with ankle sprains on some strength variables of device foot scan

Haider Nima Abbas , Salwan Asad David — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

1- Paying attention to the principle of diversification in rehabilitation exercises and the tools and methods used to avoid boredom among athletes.

2- Ensure complete recovery from the injury before returning to training to avoid recurrent injury

3-Follow up on the injured person by the therapist and a specialist rehabilitation while performing rehabilitation exercises do not let the injured person perform the exercises alone.

The effect of individual and duo competition on developing some offensive skills in basketball

Emad Tuma Radhi — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The objectives of the research are to determine the effect of using individual and duo competition in developing some offensive skills in basketball among students in the fourth year of middle school aged (15-16) years. Knowing which competition is better for developing some offensive basketball skills for students in the fourth year of middle school aged (15-16) years. Preparing exercises for the individual style and exercises for the duo style to develop some offensive skills in basketball for students in the fourth year of middle school aged (15-16). One year, the researcher used the experimental method in an experimental design style, where the experimental and control groups are equivalent in all factors that may affect the dependent change, with the exception of one factor, which is exposure to the independent variable. As for the research sample, the researcher chose his research sample from preparatory schools for boys in Baghdad Governorate, which were characterized by the presence of female teachers. Physical education and an outdoor basketball court.

Emotional balance and its relationship to positive thinking among female graduate students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Huyam Saduan Aboad — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to identify emotional balance among female graduate students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, as well as to identify positive thinking among female graduate students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, and to identify emotional balance and its relationship to positive thinking among female graduate students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The researcher used the descriptive approach using the correlational method. The research sample was selected from male and female postgraduate students in the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Baghdad and the University of Diyala, who numbered (60) male and female students, At the conclusion of the study, the most important conclusions were reached, which is the existence of a statistically significant relationship at a significance level (0.05) between emotional balance and its relationship to positive thinking among female graduate students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. The study came out with a number of recommendations.

The effect of direct feedback on learning the skill of defending the court in frontal and side falls

Jumoa Mohammed Khalaf, Ali Khalid Mukhlif , Ahmed Jumua Mohammed — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Like other skills, playing volleyball requires clear learning: acquiring knowledge that becomes a tangible reality. The study aims to determine how learning forward diving techniques and the side step skill of saving long balls are affected by receiving rapid feedback. The researchers reasoned that the group receiving immediate feedback upon learning the skill would benefit more from improvement and positive rolling in learning forward falling to save balls and side rolling than the group receiving the same learning steps along with delayed feedback. To fit the needs of the study, the two groups were homogenized, and the experimental methodology was applied. Students in the second stage of Anbar University, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences were selected because they are novices in acquiring these two skills; to guarantee appropriate learning, players proficient in the game were left out. According to the school schedule, working with the sample took six weeks. There are 40 students in each sample, split into two groups. Section B, the initial group, receives instruction along with prompt feedback. Section C, the second group, gets the same instruction but with feedback that is given later. Learning progressed gradually from simple to complex after explaining and clarifying the skill. Following that, a renowned player and a video presentation of the kinetic model were given to the two groups. Both groups' motor performance was found to have improved, with the results indicating a significant advantage for the group that received immediate feedback. Further research into other skills and activities is advised, as is the use of immediate feedback when learning the skills of frontal diving and side rolling to save the long balls.

The effect of the competition method on intellectual stress and learning the skills of suppression and scoring with the outside of the foot in football for students aged 11-12 years

Aysir Ahmed Hariz — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research is to prepare according to the effect of the competition method on intellectual stress and learning the skills of suppression and scoring with the outside of the foot in soccer for students aged 11-12 years, as well as to identify the effect of the competition method on intellectual stress and learning the skills of suppression and scoring with the outside of the foot in soccer for students aged 11-12. One year for the two experimental groups and the control group in the pre- and post-test. The researcher used the experimental method in the style of equal groups, As for the research sample, it was chosen intentionally from the students of the fifth grade of primary school, Division A, who numbered (34). (4) students were excluded for the purpose of conducting exploratory experiments. Then the researcher prepared skill exercises, numbering (16), and then Preparing educational units. At the conclusion of the research, it was concluded that using the method of competition and intellectual stress has a significant impact on learning the skills of suppression and scoring accuracy with the outside of the foot in soccer for students.

Dopamine neurotransmitter and its relationship to central nervous signal speed in advanced basketball players

Mustafa Alaa Aboad, Hasan Hadi Muhyee, Mahmoad Nasir Radhi, Farah Yunus Hani — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to identify the relationship between the dopamine neurotransmitter and the speed of the central nervous signal for advanced basketball players. The researchers assumed, in light of the goal of their research, that there is a significant correlation between the dopamine neurotransmitter and the speed of the central nervous signal for advanced basketball players.. The researchers used... The descriptive approach is in the form of correlational relationships to determine the extent of the relationship between two or more variables. The research community was represented by the (12) players of the Tadamon Sports Club in basketball, and the researchers chose them entirely for the experiment. In it, the researchers reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is that there is a significant correlation between the dopamine transporter and Nervous system and central nervous signal speed for the research sample. The recommendations included the most important, which is the necessity of conducting research on neurotransmitters experimentally and linking them to functional variables in order to reach consistent and verified results.

The effect of the opposing hierarchical method on developing special strength and learning a number of Basic basketball skills for women’s team players

Rasha Hameed Majeed , Liqa Abdullah — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research included several chapters of the first chapter presented and the importance of the research, through which the physical preparation was addressed as the basis for developing the skill side, which reflects the ideal and correct reality for the application of these basic skills, whether offensive or defensive, it is necessary to emphasize physical fitness training such as strength, speed and endurance. and others. The research problem was clarified and the research objectives emerged by

preparing training exercises in the opposite hierarchical style, identifying the effect of the opposite hierarchical method in developing the special strength of women's basketball players. And to identify the effect of the opposite hierarchical style on some basic skills of female team players Women basketball As for the research hypotheses, there were statistically significant differences between the results of the tribal and remote tests in the development of the special strength of the women’s basketball team players, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the tribal and remote tests in some basic skills for the women’s basketball team players, as for the second chapter The field procedures for research were carried out, and the third chapter presents, analyzes and discusses the results, and the fourth chapter presents the conclusion.

Emotional energy and its relationship to reducing boredom during physical education lessons for middle school students

Majeed Hameed Fahad Ali , Majeed Hameed Azeez , Ammar Abd Hussein — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aimed to identify the level of emotional energy among Preparatory school students during a physical education lesson, as well as identifying mechanisms for reducing boredom among Preparatory school students during a physical education lesson, as well as identifying the relation of emotional energy among students with reducing boredom during a physical education lesson. The researchers relied on the descriptive approach using the survey method and correlational method. The research population was identified with Preparatory school students in the schools of the Kirkuk Governorate Center for the academic year (2023-2024), who number (15,123) students. Who belong to (32) Preparatory schools. The researchers randomly selected (636) students from the research community to form the research sample. Then the researchers divided the main sample into three sub-samples (the exploratory study sample, the preparation sample, and the final application sample), whose number of individuals is (16, 372, 248) respectively. To collect the required data, the researcher prepared two scales. the first measures the students’ emotional energy and the number of its items (10), while the second measures the reduction of boredom and the number of its items (10), and after processing the data statistically through the following means (percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient, alpha-Cronbach equation, t-test, simple linear regression equation).

The effect of functional exercises according to step length and frequency with an assistive device on special speed types and the achievement of 200 m runners under 20 years of age

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to prepare functional exercises according to the length and frequency of the stride with an assistive device for special types of speed and the achievement of 200 m runners under 20 years of age and to identify their effect.

This was reflected in the time for covering these distances and the impact on the speed rate and thus on the achievement of the experimental group. It was also shown that the lower the rate The length of the stride increases the rate of stride frequency, especially in the last 100 meters of the race distance, and this benefited the sample, the experimental group, the research, especially in the post-tests, and the development of achievement in the 200 m competition is linked to many basic variables without which the achievement cannot be achieved, which is (the special table). And (variables of step length, frequency, speed rate, and performance time for each stage of the race), and this is what was achieved for the experimental group, which gave preference to the control group. We recommend using It is recommended that the target training intensity be determined according to time based on the results of the analysis. It is also recommended to develop the rapid strength of the legs because of its importance in sustaining the propulsion of the legs and achieving a good relationship between the frequency of steps and their lengths, and thus the direct effect on the rate of speed. There is a need to pay attention to step length development exercises because of their importance in increasing the adaptation of sample individuals to the change in the length of these steps over the stages of the race.

Some bio-motor abilities and their relationship to the skill of standing on the hands followed by the forward roll on the mat of floor movements in artistic gymnastics for women

Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research consists of five chapters, and in the first chapter, it addresses the introduction and importance of the research, where the researcher explained the importance of bio-motor abilities and their role in achieving a high level through their connection to the skill performance of standing on the hands followed by the forward roll, and the research problem: Do these bio-motor abilities have an impact on the level of skill performance? Handstand followed by forward roll.

The Effect of educational curriculum using the low-height parallel apparatus to help teach the skill of standing on the shoulders followed by a front roll in an opening in artistic gymnastics for students

Abdullah Jamal, Ali Sadi Muhsin , Jamal Sakran Hamza — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The aim of the research is to know the Effect of educational curriculum using the low-height parallel apparatus to help teach the skill of standing on the shoulders followed by a front roll in an opening. As for the hypothesis of the research, it is that there are statistically significant differences in the Effect of educational curriculum using the low-height parallel apparatus to help teach the skill of standing on the shoulders followed by a front roll in an opening in artistic gymnastics for the researchers used the experimental method (by designing two equal control and experimental groups) to suit the nature of the problem to be solved. The research population was determined by (341) students distributed among (10) divisions for the second stage of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences / University of Baghdad. As for the research sample, they included the second stage, division (L), and their number was (32) students. The injured and those who failed were excluded, and the sample settled on (20). student) and the research sample constituted (5.86%). The researchers recruited (4) students for the exploratory experiment. The most important conclusions are 1- The educational curriculum using the assistive device has a major role in helping the student and the teacher reach the speed of learning the skill. 2- The assistive device provided safety for the students in performing Skill: The researchers also recommended the necessity of adopting the device to teach the skill under research and placing it in the gymnasium hall to benefit from it.

The Effect of using the Cognitive Attrition Strategy on cognitive achievement of some items of teaching methods subject of physical education

Dhilkhaz Ali Ahmed, Mohammed Mahdi Mohammed — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The research aims to reveal the effect of using the cognitive discrepancy strategy on the cognitive achievement of some items in the subject of methods of teaching, physical education for the second stage, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, College of Education, Zakho University. The researchers used the experimental method to suit with the nature of the research problem. The research population consisted of the (43) male and female of the second stage students from the department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Education, University of Zakho for the academic year 2021/2022.They were randomly distributed into two groups, where (A) became the experimental group and (B) the control group, (15) students per group. The researchers used the experimental design, which is called" The design of random-selection equal groups with well-controlled pre- and post-tests.

Emotional arousal and its relationship to the skill self among volleyball players sitting in Iraq

Kawther Hussein Abd, Jassim Hassan Ghazi, Muthana Abdul Elah Dahash — Sun, 31 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

The game of volleyball for people with disabilities is among the sports games and events that have received great attention from workers and experts in international volleyball.” One of the features of the progress and progress of society is helping those with disabilities through their rehabilitation and integration into society, and one of the best factors that helps to Integration is a sport, through their orientation to practice Various sports games and then local and international competitions. The research problem lies in the effect of emotional arousal on the players and their skill level, as well as the skill self of club and committee players in sitting volleyball. The results showed a strong correlation between emotional arousal and the skill self in sitting volleyball. The most important conclusions are the emergence of a statistically significant correlation between emotional arousal and the skillful self among the players of the Iraqi Sitting Volleyball League. The most important recommendations were the emphasis on enhancing the value of the athlete’s skillful self-esteem through psychological preparation methods represented in (live conversations, crowd support, and pre-competition training), and clarity of purpose