A Comparative Study of Mental Limits and Self-Improvement Among Male and Female Students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Kirkuk University

Authors

  • Qutaiba Hadi Muhammad College of Education, Tuz Khurmatu, Tikrit University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25130/sc.2026.17.1.8

Keywords:

- Comparative study, mental boundaries -, inflated ego

Abstract

The importance of this research lies in comparing male and female students with respect to the variables of mental limits and self-inflatedness.

The research problem arose from a lack of sufficient understanding of the relationship between mental boundaries and inflated ego among male and female students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Kirkuk.

The research aimed to:

- Identify differences in the mental boundaries' variable between male and female students.

- Identify differences in the inflated ego variable between male and female students.

The researcher used a descriptive approach with comparative methods, as it was suitable for the nature of the current research.

The research sample consisted of the students who regularly attended classes and to whom the researcher was able to reach and distribute the two scales. The total number of students was (80), comprising (60) male and (20) female students, thus representing (64.52%) of the total research population.

To complete his research, the researcher used the Mental Boundaries and Self-Inflation scales.

The researcher concluded:

- Male students outperformed female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences on the Mental Boundaries variable.

- The scores of male and female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences were similar or nearly equal on the Self-Inflation variable.

The researcher recommends:

- Encouraging teachers to pay attention to students' psychological well-being, especially in the area of ​​psychological counseling.

 

References

1. Ahmed, Bushra Othman and Jamil, Baidaa Hashim (2024): Intellectual Humility and its Relationship to Self-Esteem among University Students, Psychological Research Center, Volume 25, Issue 2, Ministry of Higher Education, Iraq.

2. Barhoum, Muhammad Issa and Abdul-Nour, Iskandar (2004): Designing a Standardized Scale, University of Sharjah Journal of Sharia and Human Sciences, Volume 1, Issue 1, Research and Studies Center, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

3. Al-Tikriti, Wadih Yassin and Al-Ubaidi, Hassan Muhammad (1999): Mathematical Statistics and SPSS Applications in Physical Education Research, University of Mosul Press, Mosul, Iraq.

4. Al-Tamimi, Muhammad Kadhim and Al-Ta'i, Hareem Muhammad (2005): The Quality of Decision-Making among University Faculty Members, Journal of Psychological and Educational Sciences, Issue 9, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

5. Abbas, Muhammad Khalil, et al. (2009): An Introduction to Research Methods in Education and Psychology. 2nd ed., Dar Al-Maysara for Publishing, Distribution, and Printing, Amman.

6. Farhat, Laila Al-Sayed (2001): Measurement and Testing in Physical Education. 1st ed., The Book Center for Publishing, Cairo, Egypt.

7. Al-Hashemi, Dalal Khairi Saleh (2025): The Effect of a Psychological Counseling Program on Reducing Self-Improvement and Improving Mental Limits among Students of the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.

8- Gezer, Engin (2010): BEDEN EĞİTİMİ VE SPOR YÜKSEKOKULU ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN NARSİSTİK EĞİLİMLERİ NARCISSISTIC TENDENCIES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS STUDENTS, Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi The Journal of International Social Research, Volume: 10 Issue: 53, turkie.

9- Magee, William & Upenicks, Laura (2019): Gender differences in self-esteem, unvarnished self-evaluation, future orientation, self-enhancement and self-derogation in a U.S. national sample, usa.

10-Nazareth, Alina & et al (2013): Explaining sex differences in mental rotation: role of spatial activity experience, national library of medicine.

11- 8. Rameriz, Daniela& Gonzalez, Claudia (2025): Sex and hand differences in haptic processing: implications for mental rotation ability. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13293-025-00693-9?utm_source.

12-Zajenkowski, Marcin & Gignac, Gilles (2024): Ego vs. reality: Narcissism and the discrepancy between academic expectations and achievement, Learning and Individual Differences, v112.

13- Ahmed, Bushra Othman, & Jameel, Baidaa Hashim (2024). Intellectual Humility and Its Relationship to Self-Esteem among University Students. Psychological Research Center, Vol. 25, No. 2, Ministry of Higher Education, Iraq.

14- Barhoum, Mohammad Issa, & Abdul Noor, Iskandar (2004). Designing a Standardized Scale. University of Sharjah Journal for Sharia and Humanities Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, Research and Studies Center, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.

15- Al-Tikriti, Wadie Yassin, & Al-Obaidi, Hassan Mohammed (1999). Mathematical Statistics and SPSS Applications in Physical Education Research. Mosul University Press, Mosul, Iraq.

16- Al-Tamimi, Mohammed Kadhim, & Al-Taie, Hareem Mohammed (2005). Quality of Decision-Making among University Faculty Members. Journal of Psychological and Educational Sciences, No. 9, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

17- Abbas, Mohammed Khalil, et al. (2009). Introduction to Research Methods in Education and Psychology (2nd ed.). Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing, Distribution, and Printing, Amman, Jordan.

18- Farhat, Laila El-Sayed (2001). Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education (1st ed.). Markaz Al-Kitab Publishing Center, Cairo, Egypt.

19- Al-Hashimi, Dalal Khairi Saleh (2025). The Effect of a Psychological Counseling Program on Reducing Ego Inflation and Improving Mental Boundaries among Students of the Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.

Downloads

Published

2026-06-30

How to Cite

A Comparative Study of Mental Limits and Self-Improvement Among Male and Female Students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at Kirkuk University. (2026). Sport Culture, 17(1), 128-145. https://doi.org/10.25130/sc.2026.17.1.8

Similar Articles

1-10 of 24

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.