The effect of Sakyo (S, A, Q) training on the development of some physical, functional variables and offensive skills of handball players

Abstract

The research aims to prepare a training curriculum for S.A.Q for handball players, and to identify the differences between the pre- and post-tests in the physical, functional and skill variables of handball players aged (19-23) years. The community and the research sample were deliberately determined from the players of the Koya Sports Club team for the year (2024-2025), numbering (19) players, and (15) players were chosen, thus the sample percentage reached (78.94%) of the total community, and the number of weekly training units was (3 units) for a period of (8 weeks) with (24) training units. The researchers concluded a noticeable improvement in the functional research variables of pulse rate and percentage of oxygen saturation. The results showed statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests in favor of the post-measurement and an improvement in the physical variables Offensive handball skills include explosive power of the legs, speed-specific power of the arms, speed of motor response, and variables of offensive handball skills (continuous tapping, handling, close-range shooting accuracy, long-range shooting accuracy)