Participatory Leadership and Its Role in the Development of Physical Education Lessons from the Perspective of Physical Education Teachers: An Analytical Study of Schools in the Hit Education Department, Directorate of Education of Anbar Governorate, Iraq

Abstract

Modern institutions face increasing challenges due to rapid changes, globalization, and intense competition, which require leadership capable of fostering cooperation among employees and encouraging the exchange of knowledge and expertise to improve organizational performance. Participative leadership is considered one of the contemporary leadership approaches that emphasizes involving employees in decision-making, addressing their needs, and building relationships based on mutual trust and respect, which positively influences performance and achievement.

Participative leadership has attracted considerable attention in the fields of management, education, and organizational behavior because of its role in enhancing employees’ efficiency and improving the work environment. In the educational field, physical education is regarded as an essential subject that contributes to students’ physical, mental, and psychological development, making its improvement a significant objective for educational institutions.

Given the importance of administrative aspects in the educational process, this study seeks to identify the nature of the relationship between participative leadership within schools and the performance of physical education teachers. It also aims to determine the extent of its impact on improving lesson quality, teachers’ creativity, and their effectiveness in implementing educational activities. Furthermore, the study investigates the positive and negative dimensions of this leadership style and its implications for the development of physical education lessons and the achievement of their educational objectives.