The Effect of Schmeck's Model on Developing Design Thinking and Learning a Number of Basic Soccer Skills for Students.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25130/sc.2026.17.1.21Keywords:
- Shmak Model - Design Thinking - Football Skills - Teaching Methods - Modern - Instructional Models -Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of the Shmak Model on developing design thinking and learning selected fundamental football skills among first-year students. An experimental design with equivalent groups and pre–post testing was employed on a sample of 80 students, divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was taught using the Shmak Model, while the control group followed the conventional teaching method. Data were collected using skill tests (dribbling, passing, and ball control) and a validated design thinking scale. The results revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group across all variables. The findings indicate that the Shmak Model effectively enhances both motor skill performance and higher-order thinking, particularly design thinking. The study concludes that adopting structured, student-centered instructional models can significantly improve learning outcomes in physical education. It is recommended to integrate the Shmak Model into teaching practices and to conduct further research across different educational stages.
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